鸿蒙5.1升级“灾难”：兼容性崩塌，华为如何应对？

Core Viewpoint - The recent upgrade of Huawei's HarmonyOS from version 4.3 to 5.1 has faced significant backlash due to compatibility issues with mainstream applications, leading to user frustration and data loss during the downgrade process [1][3][4]. Group 1: User Experience and Compatibility Issues - Users have reported that after upgrading to HarmonyOS 5.1, many applications became incompatible, resulting in a chaotic desktop layout and the need to reinstall and log into existing applications, increasing operational costs [3][4]. - Core functionalities of popular applications like WeChat and Douyin have failed, causing disruptions for content creators and users alike [3][4]. - The lack of a user-friendly downgrade mechanism has forced users to seek professional help to revert to the previous system, often resulting in data loss [4]. Group 2: Market Position and Competition - Huawei has regained a leading position in the Chinese smartphone market, achieving a market share of 18.1% with 12.5 million units shipped in Q2 2025, despite an overall market decline [5][6]. - The HarmonyOS ecosystem is still small on a global scale, with only 4% market share compared to Android's 79% and iOS's 17% as of Q2 2025 [7][8]. Group 3: Development and Future Challenges - Huawei has invested heavily in R&D, with expenditures reaching 96.95 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, accounting for 22.7% of its revenue, indicating a strong commitment to developing the HarmonyOS ecosystem [7]. - The transition to a "pure" HarmonyOS from a compatible Android system presents significant compatibility challenges, as seen in the recent upgrade issues [10][11]. - Building a developer ecosystem remains a critical challenge, as the user base is primarily domestic, making it difficult to attract international developers to invest in the platform [10][11]. Group 4: Strategic Outlook - The HarmonyOS has the potential for growth in various markets, including PC operating systems, mobile application development, and IoT, with significant market sizes projected [10]. - However, the path to achieving a competitive stance against Android and iOS globally is fraught with challenges, including the need for improved application quality and timely updates [10][11].