焦点访谈丨“风雨兼程见彩虹” 中国经济巨轮破浪前行

Economic Overview - The "14th Five-Year Plan" has guided China's economic and social development, achieving high-quality growth despite challenges [1][12][16] - China's GDP is projected to reach approximately 140 trillion yuan this year, with an average annual growth rate of 5.5% over the past four years [5][9] - The plan's target was to maintain GDP growth within a reasonable range, allowing for flexibility in macroeconomic governance [7][11] Consumption and Domestic Demand - Consumption contributed approximately 60% to economic growth during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [21] - The government has implemented policies such as the "old-for-new" program, with 69 billion yuan allocated to stimulate consumption [22] - Service consumption is expected to grow at an annual rate of 9.6% from 2020 to 2024, reflecting increased demand for services as GDP per capita exceeds $13,000 [24][25] Foreign Trade and Global Positioning - China's foreign trade has shown resilience, with merchandise trade surpassing $6 trillion, maintaining its position as the world's largest trader [25][31] - Exports are projected to increase from $2.6 trillion in 2020 to $3.6 trillion by 2024, demonstrating strong growth despite global trade tensions [31] Research and Development - National R&D investment is expected to exceed 3.6 trillion yuan in 2024, marking a 48% increase since 2020, with R&D intensity reaching 2.68% [35][36] - The focus on innovation has led to significant advancements, including the operation of China's first fourth-generation nuclear power plant and the completion of the Tiangong space station [38][40] Industrial Transformation - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the transformation of traditional industries and the growth of emerging sectors, with a focus on high-quality development [40][44] - Companies are increasingly adopting technology and sustainable practices to enhance productivity and product quality [42][44] Future Outlook - As the "14th Five-Year Plan" concludes, the groundwork is laid for the "15th Five-Year Plan," aiming for significant breakthroughs by 2035 [46][48]