聚变能研发进入新阶段，“人造太阳”离我们有多远？

Core Insights - The concept of creating a "man-made sun" for limitless clean energy is a significant human aspiration, but achieving controlled nuclear fusion remains a complex challenge due to the extreme conditions required for fusion reactions [1][2]. Group 1: Challenges of Nuclear Fusion - Nuclear fusion requires creating conditions similar to those in the sun, specifically heating deuterium-tritium plasma to over 100 million degrees Celsius, which is 6 to 7 times the temperature at the sun's core [2]. - The complexity of controlled nuclear fusion encompasses various scientific fields, including plasma physics, nuclear engineering, and materials science, making it one of the most intricate energy systems conceived by humanity [2]. Group 2: Current Global Developments - Global research on fusion energy has entered a new phase characterized by parallel pathways and rapid iterations, with two main technological routes: magnetic confinement and inertial confinement [3]. - The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is the largest global fusion research project, aiming to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetic confinement fusion by 2040 to 2050 [3]. Group 3: China's Role in Fusion Energy - China has established itself as a significant player in the fusion energy sector, with the International Atomic Energy Agency's fusion research and training collaboration center recently established in Chengdu [4]. - The "Chinese Circulation No. 3" project aims to achieve temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius by 2025, marking a major advancement in China's controlled nuclear fusion technology [4][5]. - The EAST facility in Hefei has set a world record by achieving 1000 seconds of high-quality burning at 100 million degrees Celsius, indicating progress in fusion research [5].