生活观察｜骨质疏松不是老年人的“专属病”

Core Viewpoint - Osteoporosis is no longer considered a disease exclusive to the elderly, as poor lifestyle habits are accelerating bone mass loss in younger individuals, necessitating early identification and scientific intervention [1][5]. Group 1: Risk Factors - Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and microstructural damage, leading to increased fragility and risk of fractures. It is divided into primary (age-related and postmenopausal) and secondary osteoporosis caused by diseases or medications [2]. - Individuals with metabolic diseases such as hyperthyroidism and diabetes, long-term use of corticosteroids, and those who smoke or consume alcohol are at higher risk for secondary osteoporosis [2]. Group 2: Symptoms - Common symptoms include unexplained fatigue, back or joint pain, and recurrent leg cramps, which are often overlooked [3]. - More direct indicators include a height loss of over 3 centimeters compared to youth, and brittle nails. Advanced symptoms may lead to decreased weight-bearing ability and spinal deformities, with the most severe risk being "fragile fractures" from minor incidents [3]. Group 3: Prevention and Management - Prevention strategies include a comprehensive treatment plan rather than just calcium supplementation. Key approaches involve: 1. Supplementing calcium and vitamin D through dietary sources like dairy, legumes, nuts, and fatty fish, or through supplements under medical guidance [7]. 2. Engaging in moderate exercise such as walking, tai chi, and jogging to enhance bone strength and balance, while avoiding excessive strain [7]. 3. Managing body weight, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, and maintaining a positive emotional state [7]. - The emphasis is on early bone mass accumulation, particularly around the age of 30, with recommendations for regular outdoor activities and muscle-stimulating exercises [7]. Group 4: Safety Tips - To prevent fractures, individuals are advised to follow the "three do's and three don'ts" guideline, which includes moving slowly, ensuring proper lighting, and maintaining stability in the home environment [8].