西部证券：核聚变产业进程加速 多技术路线并行发展

Core Insights - Nuclear fusion is expected to become the ultimate energy source due to its high energy density and safety advantages, with significant support from policies and capital accelerating the industrial process [2][5] - Major global economies are strategically focusing on the prospects of nuclear fusion, providing support in terms of policies and funding to expedite industrialization [2][5] Group 1: Industry Overview - Nuclear fusion involves the combination of two light atomic nuclei under high temperature and pressure, releasing a large amount of energy, and is seen as a potential ultimate energy source for humanity [2] - Despite existing technical challenges such as energy balance and material performance, strong policy and capital support will drive the acceleration of research and development in the industry [2] - The CFETR in China, EU-DEMO in Europe, and K-DEMO in South Korea are planned to begin construction between 2035 and 2040, with operations expected to start by 2050 [2] Group 2: Technological Developments - Various technological routes for nuclear fusion exist, with the Tokamak being the most mature, while other routes like Z-pinch also show potential [3] - The Tokamak technology, which uses magnetic fields to confine plasma, is the most widely applied and developed, with significant milestones such as the EAST achieving high-quality burning at 100 million degrees Celsius for 1000 seconds [3] Group 3: Cost Structure - The main cost components of Tokamak systems include the magnetic system, vacuum chamber, and other supporting systems, with the magnetic system accounting for 28% of costs, vacuum chamber 8%, and internal components 17% [4] - The industry is focusing on superconducting magnets to enhance plasma confinement time, with high-temperature superconductors expected to improve fusion reaction rates and reduce cooling costs as technology matures [4] Group 4: Investment Opportunities - With major fusion devices like BEST in planning or construction phases and large-scale bidding imminent, investment opportunities are emerging in related sectors [5] - Companies to watch include those involved in low-temperature superconductors, high-temperature superconductors, vacuum chambers, and power systems, such as Western Superconducting, Lianchuang Optoelectronics, and others [5]