固态、液态、半固态……一文了解锂电池

Group 1: Core Concepts of Lithium Batteries - Lithium batteries serve as the "energy heart" for various applications, including smartphones, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems [1] - The traditional liquid lithium battery consists of four main components: positive electrode material, negative electrode material, electrolyte, and separator [1] - Positive electrode materials release lithium ions during discharge, while negative electrode materials store lithium ions during charging [1] Group 2: Types of Lithium Batteries - Solid-state batteries replace liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes, eliminating the need for a separator and enhancing safety [2] - Semi-solid batteries are a transitional solution between liquid and solid-state batteries, containing 5-10% liquid electrolyte, offering improved safety and energy density compared to liquid batteries [3] - A comparison table highlights the differences in liquid, semi-solid, and solid-state batteries regarding liquid content, energy density, electrolyte type, safety, cycle life, interface resistance, cost, and technological maturity [5] Group 3: Lithium Battery Industry Chain - The lithium battery industry chain consists of upstream raw material suppliers, midstream battery manufacturers, and downstream application sectors [6][9] - Upstream includes raw material and equipment suppliers, midstream focuses on cell manufacturing and battery assembly, while downstream encompasses consumer electronics, power applications, and energy storage systems [9] - The evolution from liquid batteries to semi-solid and solid-state batteries supports advancements in energy storage technology across various fields [9]