《中国空气质量改善的健康效应评估2025》研究提示：关注空气污染的急性健康风险，建立健康导向的精准防控体系

Core Viewpoint - The report emphasizes the need for a shift in air quality management from a focus on "concentration standards" to maximizing "health benefits," highlighting the importance of establishing a health-oriented prevention and control system for future governance [1][12]. Group 1: Air Quality Improvement and Health Benefits - Since 2013, China has implemented a series of clean air actions that have significantly improved air quality, resulting in considerable health benefits [1][4]. - The latest report expands the assessment of health effects from air quality improvements to include acute health risks associated with short-term exposure to high pollution levels [4][5]. Group 2: Health Risk Assessment - The report indicates a structural change in health risks from PM2.5, with a notable decrease in chronic health burdens but an increase in acute risks from short-term exposure [9][12]. - Ozone (O3) has shown a significant increase in short-term acute health risks, particularly during summer months, indicating a need for targeted interventions on high pollution days [10][12]. Group 3: Regional and Demographic Disparities - Health risk distribution shows significant regional and demographic differences, with traditional populous provinces still facing high disease burdens despite improvements [10][12]. - Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions, are more sensitive to short-term exposure, necessitating tailored protective strategies [10][12]. Group 4: Future Strategies and Recommendations - Future clean air actions should continue to prioritize PM2.5 reduction while also addressing the structural risks associated with O3 exposure [12][13]. - Establishing a national acute health risk warning system that accounts for seasonal and pollutant-specific risks is crucial for maximizing health benefits [13].