11月起HPV疫苗纳入免疫规划：为何满13周岁女孩接种？免疫欠账怎么补？

Core Viewpoint - The inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program is a significant step towards reducing cervical cancer incidence in China, but challenges remain in achieving effective vaccination rates and addressing existing immunity gaps among older populations [1][2]. Group 1: HPV Vaccine Implementation - The HPV vaccine will be provided for free to girls aged 13 and above, starting from November 10, 2025, as part of the national immunization program [1]. - The vaccination plan aims to ensure that girls receive two doses of the bivalent HPV vaccine, spaced six months apart, to establish immunity before potential sexual exposure [1][3]. - Previous initiatives in 18 provinces have shown that actual vaccination rates are not ideal, with school-based vaccination being a critical bottleneck [1][2]. Group 2: Target Population and Age Considerations - The decision to target girls aged 13 aligns with research indicating that vaccination between the ages of 9-14 generates a stronger immune response [3][4]. - There is a significant immunity gap among older populations who may not yet be eligible for cancer screenings, highlighting the need for ongoing vaccination efforts [2][10]. Group 3: Challenges in Implementation - The feasibility of mobilizing parents for vaccination in higher grades of elementary school is questioned, suggesting that early middle school is a more suitable time for vaccination [4][5]. - The notification includes provisions for catch-up vaccinations for girls who miss the initial opportunity, allowing for one additional dose before the age of 18 [8][10]. Group 4: Vaccine Market Dynamics - The government procurement price for the bivalent HPV vaccine is set at approximately 27.5 yuan per dose, with a total budget of about 425 million yuan for 2025 [14]. - The market for the HPV vaccine is expected to stabilize in terms of pricing, as the focus shifts from price competition to ensuring vaccine quality [15][17]. Group 5: Integration of Preventive Measures - The integration of HPV vaccination with cervical cancer screening is seen as a cost-effective strategy to reduce overall healthcare expenditures related to cervical cancer treatment [13]. - The potential for optimizing screening strategies in the "post-vaccine era" is highlighted, with suggestions for extending screening intervals as vaccination rates increase [13].