北京控烟立法十年成效显著，经验可否复制？

Core Points - Only 24 cities in China, covering approximately 16% of the population, are under 100% smoke-free legislative protection nearly 20 years after the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control came into effect [1] - The progress of comprehensive smoke-free legislation in China has slowed down in recent years, with societal attitudes towards smoking changing faster than the legislative process [1] - Key issues such as social consensus on smoke-free legislation, economic benefits versus costs, and the potential for nationwide legislation are causing local governments to be cautious in implementing smoke-free laws [1] Legislative Impact - Beijing has implemented comprehensive local smoking regulations that align with WHO standards, showing significant social and economic benefits [1] - The smoking rate among adults aged 15 and above in Beijing decreased to 19.2% in 2025, down 4.2 percentage points since the implementation of the Beijing Smoking Control Regulation in 2015 [2] - The regulation has led to a significant reduction in secondhand smoke exposure in various indoor public places, with the largest decreases observed in bars and restaurants [2] Economic Benefits - From 2015 to 2025, the Beijing Smoking Control Regulation generated a total economic benefit of 125.7 billion RMB, accounting for 0.23% of Beijing's GDP during the same period [3] - In 2024, the regulation is estimated to contribute approximately 11.6 billion RMB to the economy, representing about 0.22% of Beijing's GDP for that year [3] - The reduction in smoking-related healthcare costs is projected to save 2.64 billion RMB in 2024, which is 2.5% of the total healthcare expenditure in Beijing [3] Enforcement Challenges - Cities with smoke-free legislation are experiencing stricter enforcement, but challenges remain, including inter-departmental coordination issues and low compliance from businesses [4] - Public participation in smoking regulation enforcement has increased, with citizens actively reporting violations in various public spaces [4] - The complexity of enforcement is heightened by the lack of awareness of local smoking regulations among transient populations in major cities like Beijing and Shanghai [5] Shanghai's Experience - Shanghai has implemented its own smoking control regulations, which have undergone multiple revisions over 15 years, now including a complete indoor smoking ban and regulations on electronic cigarettes [5] - Since the indoor smoking ban was enacted in 2017, Shanghai has seen an annual average of 2.2 million RMB in fines for violations, with a significant drop in smoking rates in designated non-smoking areas [5]