东西问丨孙金松：为何说万里茶道是一张“网”？

Core Viewpoint - The "Wanli Tea Road" is recognized as a significant international trade route, serving as a bridge for cultural and civilizational exchanges between the North and South of China, as well as between the East and West of the world [3][11]. Summary by Sections Historical Role - The Wanli Tea Road, active from the late 17th century to the early 20th century, spans approximately 14,000 kilometers, connecting regions in present-day China, Mongolia, and Russia [3][6]. - It facilitated tea trade between southern tea-producing areas and regions in Mongolia, Siberia, and Eastern Europe, promoting economic exchanges and cultural interactions among various ethnic groups [3][6]. Archaeological Findings - Recent archaeological surveys by the Inner Mongolia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology have identified new heritage sites and routes along the Wanli Tea Road, including seven main routes [5][6]. - The Zhangku Avenue, a well-known route, connects Zhangjiakou to Kulun (now Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) and features significant historical trade nodes like Duolun, which showcases the region's tea trade heritage [5][6]. Cultural Exchange - The Wanli Tea Road enabled the exchange of goods such as tea, textiles, and local specialties between China and regions like Mongolia and Russia, fostering economic and social development along the route [8][11]. - Tea became a vital commodity for both southern tea farmers and northern nomadic tribes, enhancing mutual understanding and cultural cohesion among different ethnic groups [8][12]. Modern Significance - The Wanli Tea Road is not only a trade route but also a cultural and transportation network that has evolved to include various social functions, linking diverse communities through tea-related industries [6][11]. - The tea culture has significantly influenced Russian society, integrating into literature, art, and daily life, while also facilitating the introduction of European industrial products to China [12].