上证观察家 | 建设高质量资本市场 服务“十五五”战略全局

Core Viewpoint - The capital market in China has undergone significant institutional reforms during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, enhancing both scale and quality, and is expected to play a crucial role in the "15th Five-Year Plan" by supporting the real economy, facilitating innovation resource allocation, and driving economic transformation [1][9]. Group 1: Systemic Restructuring of Capital Market - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period marked a milestone in the development of China's capital market, characterized by the implementation of the registration system reform and the optimization of a multi-tiered market system [2]. - The capital market has increasingly contributed to optimizing resource allocation and promoting economic transformation, with total financing through stock and bond markets reaching 57.5 trillion yuan, and the direct financing ratio rising to 31.6%, an increase of 2.8 percentage points from the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [3][4]. Group 2: Financing and Investment Reforms - The new "National Nine Articles" will enhance listing standards and improve the evaluation system for innovative attributes, shifting the IPO market focus from quantity to quality [3]. - The average daily trading volume in the A-share market is projected to reach 1.67 trillion yuan, with a turnover rate of 4.10%, indicating improved market liquidity and pricing efficiency [4]. - The establishment of differentiated development patterns for various boards, such as the Sci-Tech Innovation Board and the Growth Enterprise Market, has provided comprehensive listing services for innovative enterprises [5]. Group 3: Institutional Reforms and Market Ecology - A healthy market ecology has been established, with a significant increase in the delisting rate from 0.28% in 2019 to 0.97% in 2024, promoting effective resource allocation [7]. - The merger and acquisition market has seen increased activity, with 230 major asset restructuring cases disclosed since the introduction of the "Merger Six Articles," enhancing the competitiveness of listed companies [7]. Group 4: Investor Return Mechanism - The new "National Nine Articles" have introduced stricter regulations on share buybacks and dividends, significantly increasing the willingness of listed companies to return value to shareholders, with total distributions reaching 10.6 trillion yuan, an increase of over 80% compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [8]. Group 5: Future Role of Capital Market - The capital market is expected to play a more significant role in the "15th Five-Year Plan" by supporting high-quality development and technological self-reliance, acting as a crucial link between industry and capital [10][11]. - The focus will be on enhancing financing efficiency, optimizing resource allocation, and improving the legal environment to create a transparent and predictable market system [16][17].