深化“十五五”重大问题研究 擘画新型电力系统发展蓝图

Group 1 - The European energy transition is progressing rapidly, with the EU aiming for carbon neutrality by 2050 as per the European Climate Law established in 2021 [3] - The REPowerEU plan has led to significant growth in renewable energy, with an expected addition of approximately 170 million kilowatts of solar power and 40 million kilowatts of wind power from 2022 to 2024, resulting in renewable energy accounting for 47% of total generation [3] - The North Sea is becoming a core area for offshore wind development, with installed capacity targets of 120 million kilowatts by 2030 and over 300 million kilowatts by 2050 as per the Ostend Declaration signed by nine European countries [3] Group 2 - The development of the European grid is lagging behind the rapid growth of renewable energy, with significant investment needs identified: €472 billion for transmission networks and €730 billion for distribution networks by 2040 [4] - The European Commission emphasizes the need for proactive grid planning to address slow project construction, delays in power source access, and insufficient manufacturing capacity [4] - The EU aims for local net-zero technology manufacturing capacity to meet 40% of deployment needs by 2030 and to achieve a 15% global market share in key areas by 2040 as outlined in the Net Zero Industry Act [5] Group 3 - The European energy transition faces multiple challenges regarding power system security, highlighted by recent large-scale blackouts in Spain, Portugal, and the Czech Republic due to voltage surges and grid failures [5] - The need for a balanced approach to development and safety is emphasized, especially as electricity demand in China continues to grow rigidly, necessitating a high-level security framework to support quality development [5]