What is a 'K-shaped' economy, and what’s causing the divide?

Core Insights - The U.S. economy is exhibiting a "K-shaped" recovery, highlighting a growing wealth inequality where high earners and corporations thrive while lower-income households and small businesses struggle [1][3][10] Economic Overview - Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell noted ongoing concerns about inflation, employment, and rising defaults, emphasizing a bifurcated economy where lower-income consumers are buying less and shifting to lower-cost products [2][4] - The top 10% of households account for approximately 50% of all spending in the U.S. economy, illustrating significant income and spending inequality [4][5] Consumer Behavior - The K-shaped economy is evident in consumer spending patterns, with the wealthiest households benefiting from rising stock markets and asset prices, while lower-income consumers face challenges [6][7] - Companies like Ford are seeing profits driven by high-end models, while others like Chipotle are cutting sales outlooks due to reduced spending from lower-income customers [8][9] Market Dynamics - The stock market has reached record highs, primarily benefiting large companies, which further enriches the wealthiest individuals who hold significant equity stakes [7] - Earnings expectations for top-performing stocks have soared, contrasting with declines for the broader S&P 500, indicating a disparity in market performance [9] Societal Impact - The increase in visits to food pantries and the popularity of buy now, pay later services reflect the struggles of lower-income households [10][11] - Economic growth projections remain strong, with the Atlanta Fed estimating 4% growth in the third quarter, despite concerns about potential economic corrections [12]