美最高法院激辩关税政策是否合法

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Supreme Court is questioning the legality of the federal government's large-scale tariff policies, which may have significant implications for the global economy and the current administration's authority [2][4]. Group 1: Legal Proceedings - The Supreme Court is reviewing an appeal from the federal government regarding the legality of tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977, which has never been used for such purposes before [2][4]. - Five small businesses and twelve states filed lawsuits in April, challenging the legality of the tariff policies, with several courts previously ruling against the government's use of the Act for comprehensive tariffs [2][4]. Group 2: Government's Position - The U.S. Deputy Attorney General argued that tariffs are necessary to negotiate trade agreements and prevent aggressive trade retaliation from other nations, framing the situation as a potential economic and security disaster [3]. - The Chief Justice and other conservative justices expressed skepticism about the government's authority to impose tariffs, emphasizing that taxation is a core power of Congress [3][4]. Group 3: Potential Outcomes - If the Supreme Court rules against the government, it may have to cancel trade agreements and potentially refund importers, which could lead to significant economic repercussions [5]. - The government has alternative options to impose tariffs, such as using Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 to address perceived unfair trade practices [5]. Group 4: Economic Impact - Tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act have generated an estimated $89 billion in revenue from February 4 to September 23 of this year [6]. - However, the economic costs of the tariff policies are substantial, negatively impacting consumers and productive enterprises, with a significant portion of the public attributing rising living costs to the government's actions [6].