全球90%都是日本生产，一旦断供我们如何应对？为何别国无法生产

Core Insights - China's chip exports reached 1.6777 trillion units and a total value of 650.26 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, marking a year-on-year growth of 20.3% and setting a new historical record [1] - Despite achieving a temporary market advantage in the semiconductor sector amid ongoing US-China tensions, China remains heavily reliant on Japan for critical materials like photoresist, which poses a significant risk to its chip industry [1][3] Group 1: Photoresist Dependency - Photoresist is essential for chip manufacturing, and without it, photolithography machines are rendered useless [3] - Currently, China's self-sufficiency rate for photoresist is only 5% to 10%, with over 90% of its supply imported, predominantly from Japan [3] - Japan holds nearly 90% of the global market share for photoresist, especially in high-end categories like ArF and EUV [3][6] Group 2: Historical Context and Risks - Japan previously cut off photoresist supplies to South Korea in 2019, severely impacting companies like Samsung [3] - The article highlights past instances where the US and Europe have restricted access to critical technologies, emphasizing the need for China to remain vigilant [3] Group 3: Advances in Domestic Technology - A breakthrough occurred last year when a domestic research team developed the T150A photoresist, which successfully passed mass production validation and is entirely designed in China [4][6] - The T150A product competes with international mainstream KrF photoresists, achieving an extreme resolution of 120nm, and even outperforms some imported products [6] - This development signifies a gradual reduction in China's dependency on foreign suppliers and strengthens the security of its semiconductor supply chain [6] Group 4: Global Market Dynamics - Many countries are accelerating their research into photoresist technology, prompted by Japan's previous export restrictions and price hikes [6][8] - South Korea has also made significant progress in photoresist technology, achieving breakthroughs that have reduced its reliance on Japan [8] - The shift in the global market indicates that Japan's long-standing dominance in this sector is being challenged as countries invest more in domestic capabilities [8]