特稿丨推动全球气候治理进入新阶段——联合国气候变化贝伦大会前瞻

Core Points - The COP30 conference is taking place in Belem, Brazil, from November 10 to 21, marking the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and aiming to advance global climate governance [1][2] - The focus of the conference is on the new round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), with a significant concern regarding the slow progress of countries in submitting ambitious targets [2][3] - The conference aims to bridge the gap between developed and developing countries regarding emissions reduction and funding, emphasizing the need for a clear and credible path to achieve climate financing goals [4][5] Group 1: Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) - The new round of NDCs is expected to be a focal point of the Belem conference, with less than one-third of parties to the Paris Agreement having submitted updated contributions that include 2035 reduction targets as of September 30 [2] - A report indicates that even if current NDC commitments are fully implemented, global warming is projected to reach 2.3 to 2.5 degrees Celsius this century, exceeding the 2 degrees Celsius target set by the Paris Agreement [2] Group 2: Climate Financing - The conference will address the critical issue of financing, with a target of providing $1.3 trillion annually to developing countries by 2035, and developed countries are expected to raise $300 billion annually [4] - Brazilian President Lula emphasized the need for a governance mechanism within the UN framework to ensure the effective implementation of climate commitments and to discuss penalties for non-compliance [4] Group 3: South-South Cooperation - The conference highlights South-South cooperation, with Brazil inviting multiple countries to participate in protecting the Amazon rainforest and promoting renewable energy development in impoverished regions [6][7] - China's contributions to climate change efforts, particularly in South-South cooperation, are expected to be a significant focus, with China having submitted its 2035 NDC goals and signed numerous cooperation agreements with developing countries [6][7]