“力”的柔性控制，“时”的精准协同，专家解读机器人演奏青铜乐器难在哪

Core Viewpoint - The performance of humanoid robots playing ancient bronze instruments at the 15th National Games showcases advanced robotics technology, emphasizing the challenges of precision control and coordination in artistic performances [1][4][6]. Group 1: Technical Challenges - The primary challenge lies in the flexible control of "force," requiring robots to not only strike but to strike well, as the sound produced is sensitive to the position, force, and angle of the strikes [4][6]. - Each strike must achieve high precision, with the sound quality dependent on the exact hitting point, force, and angle, necessitating a robust mechanical structure and high-precision servo drives [4][5]. - The performance involves hundreds to thousands of strikes over several minutes, requiring stable rhythm and force, which demands high-frequency closed-loop control to counteract cumulative errors from environmental factors [5][6]. Group 2: Coordination and Synchronization - The performance requires multiple robots to operate in perfect synchronization, achieving millisecond-level timing accuracy to avoid any discrepancies in the performance [6][7]. - A central control system is essential for issuing rhythm and trigger signals, ensuring that all robots operate on the same time base and avoiding interference between their movements [5][7]. - The environment of a large sports venue presents additional challenges, such as lighting and electromagnetic interference, necessitating high-precision visual recognition systems for accurate positioning [7][8]. Group 3: Applications and Future Development - The robots used in the performance are the latest Walker S2 humanoid robots from a domestic company, equipped with advanced algorithms for precise control and dynamic movement tracking [8]. - The demonstration at the National Games serves as a foundational step for the commercial application of humanoid robots, showcasing their stability and control precision as a "gateway" to future industrial applications [8][9]. - The industry is at a pivotal point, transitioning from automated to autonomous systems, with current demonstrations laying the groundwork for future large-scale industrial and commercial implementations [9].