科学与健康丨秋冬时节 如何守护好我们的呼吸道

Core Points - The current influenza activity in China is at a moderate epidemic level, with the H3N2 subtype accounting for over 95% of cases, while H1N1 and B viruses are also circulating [2] - The flu season is expected to see a rise in acute respiratory infections, particularly in southern regions of China [2] - Vaccination is emphasized as the most effective method for preventing respiratory infectious diseases, with ongoing efforts to provide free flu vaccinations to vulnerable populations [7] Group 1: Influenza Overview - The overall influenza activity is moderate, with a significant prevalence of H3N2 subtype [2] - Symptoms of influenza include high fever, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue, distinguishing it from common colds which typically present milder symptoms [2] - Monitoring of acute respiratory infections is being conducted to track pathogen changes and strain variations [3] Group 2: Rhinovirus and Treatment - Rhinovirus is a common cause of colds, responsible for 30% to 50% of cases globally, and is characterized by strong infectivity but generally mild symptoms [5] - Non-antibiotic treatments are recommended for rhinovirus infections, focusing on rest, hydration, and maintaining a humid environment [5] - Medical attention is advised if symptoms persist beyond 10 days or worsen significantly [5][8] Group 3: Vaccination and Prevention - Vaccination against influenza is crucial due to the virus's ability to mutate, with annual updates to vaccine strains based on global monitoring [7] - There is currently no vaccine for rhinovirus, but preventive measures such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are recommended [7] - Special attention should be given to the health of children, the elderly, and those with chronic conditions during the flu season [8]