热点问答｜全球气候变化形势有多严峻

Core Viewpoint - The COP30 conference in Belem, Brazil, highlights the urgent need for global climate governance as greenhouse gas concentrations reach record highs, leading to severe ecological and humanitarian threats [1][5]. Group 1: Greenhouse Gas Concentrations - The World Meteorological Organization reported that atmospheric CO2 levels reached a historic high of 423.9 ppm in 2024, up from 377.1 ppm in 2004 [2]. - Methane and nitrous oxide concentrations also hit record levels in 2024, at 1942 ppb and 338 ppb respectively [2]. - Human activities and wildfires are major contributors to the rising CO2 levels, with reduced absorption by ecosystems exacerbating the situation [2]. Group 2: Global Temperature Increase - The year 2024 is projected to be the hottest on record, with a global average temperature of 15.10°C, exceeding pre-industrial levels by 1.6°C [3]. - The trend indicates that 2025 could also be among the hottest years recorded, with the past 11 years consistently ranking as the warmest [3]. Group 3: Impact of Climate Change - Global warming is linked to increased frequency of extreme weather events, including heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall, which have devastating effects on human society [4]. - In 2024, extreme weather events led to significant casualties and displacement, with at least 3700 deaths reported due to climate-related disasters [4]. - The rising ocean temperatures are causing widespread coral bleaching, further threatening marine ecosystems [4]. Group 4: Human Response to Climate Change - The COP30 conference serves as a critical platform for international consensus on climate action, emphasizing the need for immediate and substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions [5]. - Developed countries are urged to take the lead in emission reductions and support developing nations with funding and technology [5]. - UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for urgent action to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C by the end of the century, framing the conference as a potential turning point in climate action [5].