热点问答丨全球气候变化形势有多严峻

Core Viewpoint - The global climate change situation is severe, with rising greenhouse gas concentrations and increasing extreme weather events posing significant threats to ecosystems and human habitation [1][2][4]. Group 1: Greenhouse Gas Concentrations - The latest report from the World Meteorological Organization indicates that atmospheric CO2 concentrations reached a historical high of 423.9 ppm in 2024, up from 377.1 ppm in 2004 [2]. - Methane and nitrous oxide concentrations also hit record levels in 2024, at 1942 ppb and 338 ppb respectively [2]. - Human activities, including ongoing CO2 emissions and frequent wildfires, are major contributors to this increase, alongside reduced absorption by land and ocean ecosystems [2]. Group 2: Global Temperature Increase - Reports from the Copernicus Climate Change Service and NASA indicate that 2024 is the hottest year on record, with a global average temperature of 15.10°C, exceeding pre-industrial levels by 1.6°C [3]. - The trend suggests that 2025 may also rank among the hottest years recorded, with the past 11 years being the warmest on record [3]. Group 3: Impacts of Climate Change - Global warming is leading to more frequent and severe weather events, including heatwaves, droughts, and floods, which have catastrophic effects on human society [4]. - A report from the World Weather Attribution Alliance highlights that 15 out of 16 studied floods in 2024 were closely linked to climate change-induced extreme rainfall [4]. - The consequences of extreme weather events are causing widespread displacement and hindering sustainable development and economic progress [4]. Group 4: Ecosystem and Environmental Damage - Rising ocean temperatures are exacerbating coral bleaching, with the extent and severity of this phenomenon increasing globally [5]. Group 5: Response to Climate Change - The ongoing COP30 conference in Belém represents a critical opportunity for international consensus on climate governance and action [6]. - The urgency to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions is emphasized, with calls for developed countries to take the lead in significant reductions and support for developing nations [6]. - UN Secretary-General António Guterres stresses the need for immediate and large-scale actions to limit temperature increases to 1.5°C by the end of the century [6].