全球气候变化形势有多严峻？人类应当如何应对？

Core Points - The COP30 conference in Belem, Brazil, aims to enhance global climate governance and address the escalating climate crisis, with warnings from UN Secretary-General Guterres about the potential catastrophic impacts of climate change on ecosystems and human habitation [2][12][13] Greenhouse Gas Concentrations - The World Meteorological Organization reported that atmospheric CO2 concentrations reached a record high of 423.9 ppm in 2024, up from 377.1 ppm in 2004 [2][4] - Methane and nitrous oxide concentrations also hit historical highs in 2024, at 1942 ppb and 338 ppb respectively [4] Global Temperature Trends - 2024 is recorded as the hottest year, with a global average temperature of 15.10°C, exceeding pre-industrial levels by 1.6°C [5] - The past 11 years have consistently ranked among the hottest on record, with the last three years being the hottest [7] Climate Change Impacts - Global warming has led to increased frequency of extreme weather events, including heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall, causing significant humanitarian crises [8][10] - In 2024, extreme weather events linked to climate change resulted in at least 3700 deaths and displaced millions [8] Response to Climate Change - The COP30 conference is seen as a critical opportunity for international consensus on climate action, emphasizing the need for developed countries to lead in emissions reductions and support developing nations [12] - Guterres urged immediate and large-scale actions to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C by the end of the century [12][13]