“十五五”，重拾民营经济优势

Core Viewpoint - The development of the private economy is crucial for advancing China's modernization, with a focus on enhancing its efficiency and effectiveness, particularly in foreign trade, during the 15th Five-Year Plan period [1][18]. Group 1: Private Economy's Role and Challenges - The private economy has shown significant advantages in scale and efficiency compared to state-owned enterprises, especially in emerging industries during the 14th Five-Year Plan [1]. - However, there are signs of slowing growth in key economic indicators for private enterprises, such as employment absorption capacity and industrial economic growth, which have lagged behind state-owned enterprises [1][2]. - The private economy's share of total investment has decreased from 53.6% in 2020 to below 49% in 2024, indicating a need for revitalization [5][6]. Group 2: Employment and Wage Disparities - The ability of private enterprises to absorb employment has weakened, with annual growth rates dropping from 8.5% (2015-2019) to 1.15% (2020-2024) [3]. - The wage gap between private and state-owned employees has widened, with private employees earning 56% of what their state-owned counterparts earn in 2024, down from 63.8% in 2015 [4]. Group 3: Investment Trends - Private investment growth has lagged behind national and state-owned investment, with an average annual growth rate of 1.6% for private investment compared to 6.2% for state-owned investment from 2020 to 2024 [5][6]. - The share of private investment in total national investment has decreased significantly over the past decade, indicating a trend of declining private sector investment [6]. Group 4: Industrial Performance - The growth rate and efficiency of private industrial enterprises have declined, with state-owned industrial enterprises surpassing private ones in several key performance indicators [7][8]. - From 2020 to 2024, the average annual growth rate of industrial value added for private enterprises was 5.3%, while state-owned enterprises achieved 5.1% [7]. Group 5: Foreign Trade Achievements - Private enterprises have significantly contributed to foreign trade, with an average annual growth rate of 9.9% in import and export totals from 2015 to 2024, compared to 4.1% for state-owned enterprises [12]. - By 2024, private enterprises accounted for 55.7% of total import and export value, up from 35% in 2015, highlighting their growing importance in this sector [12]. Group 6: Private Listed Companies - The number of private listed companies has increased, with private enterprises accounting for 64% of all listed companies by mid-2025 [13]. - However, private enterprises show lower profitability metrics compared to state-owned enterprises, with net profit margins declining from 0.63% in 2020 to 0.43% in 2024 [14]. Group 7: Wealth Distribution Among Entrepreneurs - The number of wealthy entrepreneurs and their total wealth has been declining, with a 12% decrease in the number of individuals on the Hurun Rich List from 2023 to 2024 [17]. - The threshold for entering the New Fortune 500 list has also decreased, indicating a contraction in wealth among the top entrepreneurs [17].