操控原子 “按需造物”的时代来了？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of atomic-level manufacturing in advancing technology and enhancing national competitiveness, highlighting the establishment of the NANO-X facility as a pivotal step in this field [2][4]. Group 1: Overview of NANO-X - NANO-X is described as the world's largest, most efficient, and highly shared vacuum interconnection experimental facility, integrating over 50 large scientific research devices [1]. - The facility aims to explore cutting-edge technology in atomic-level manufacturing, which involves precise manipulation of atoms to create materials and devices with specific functions [3]. Group 2: Importance of Atomic-Level Manufacturing - Atomic-level manufacturing is seen as a transformative technology that can create unprecedented new states of matter, materials, and devices, applicable in critical fields such as integrated circuits, quantum computing, and artificial intelligence [4]. - The current research in this area has progressed from single-atom manipulation to the manipulation of hundreds of thousands of atoms, indicating significant advancements in the field [4]. Group 3: Challenges and Requirements - There are substantial gaps between scientific research in atomic manipulation and the manufacturing of atomic-level devices, necessitating comprehensive scientific infrastructure to address common scientific issues [5]. - The need for ultra-high vacuum environments is emphasized to eliminate external contamination that could adversely affect the performance of atomic-level materials and devices [5][6]. Group 4: Research Focus Areas - The NANO-X facility focuses on three key scientific issues: the creation of atomic-level materials, precise processing of atomic-level devices, and high-resolution dynamic characterization of manufacturing processes [6]. - The goal is to achieve accurate manufacturing, precision processing, and clear observation of atomic-level production [6]. Group 5: Role of Artificial Intelligence - AI is positioned as a crucial enabler in the creation of new materials and device simulations, with plans to establish a comprehensive open-source database for single-atom catalysts and intelligent models [7]. - The integration of AI with high-throughput computing and experimental results is expected to address core questions in new material creation, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the research [7].