特朗普拟大幅削减食品关税，多项拉美贸易协议助力降价

Core Points - The Trump administration plans to significantly reduce tariffs to address high food prices and is pursuing new trade agreements with Latin American countries, including Argentina, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Ecuador, in response to voter concerns about living costs [1][2] - The agreements aim to lower tariffs on essential food items such as beef, bananas, and coffee beans, which have been a source of pressure on American consumers for years [1][2] - The administration is also expected to implement broader tariff exemptions, potentially reducing rates on popular food items, with specific focus on products identified by presidential executive orders [1][2] Trade Agreements - The most significant agreement is with Argentina, which will provide preferential market access for U.S. pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and medical devices [2] - Agreements with Guatemala, El Salvador, and Ecuador focus on reducing tariffs on key products not produced in the U.S., such as bananas and coffee beans, with a framework agreement expected to be finalized in about two weeks [2] - Ongoing trade negotiations with Switzerland may also lead to reduced tariffs on watches and chocolates, aiming to improve public perception of the administration's focus on living costs [2] Beef Trade - The agreements include commitments to improve bilateral market access for beef, which aims to alleviate price pressures faced by American consumers [3] - However, this has faced opposition from domestic ranchers who warn that imports of Argentine beef could negatively impact local producers [3] - The U.S. Department of Agriculture projects that U.S. beef exports to Argentina will amount to $2.6 million in 2024, highlighting the limited scale of trade between the two nations [3] Trade Negotiation Constraints - Argentina, as a member of the Mercosur trade bloc, is limited by regulations that restrict large-scale external negotiations, although it has been allowed to negotiate tariffs on up to 50 products this year [4]