氢能和核聚变能：“能源新秀”驱动绿色未来

Core Insights - Hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion are identified as future industries in the "14th Five-Year Plan," expected to become new economic growth points and accelerate the transition from laboratory to industrial application, contributing to the "dual carbon" goals [1] Hydrogen Energy - Hydrogen energy is produced through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, utilizing primary energy sources like wind, solar, coal, and natural gas, making it a secondary clean energy source [2] - The hydrogen industry is emerging, with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles offering longer ranges and faster refueling; hydrogen is also being used in steelmaking to replace coke, significantly reducing carbon emissions [2] - By the end of 2024, national hydrogen production capacity is expected to exceed 50 million tons per year, with a year-on-year growth of approximately 1.6%; over 600 renewable energy electrolysis hydrogen production projects are planned nationwide [2] - The development of the hydrogen industry is crucial for accelerating the construction of a new energy system and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals [2] Nuclear Fusion Energy - Nuclear fusion is likened to the ultimate energy dream, where hydrogen atoms fuse into helium under extreme temperatures and pressures, releasing vast amounts of energy [3] - The raw materials for nuclear fusion are abundant, derived from isotopes of hydrogen found in seawater, and it is considered a clean and safe energy source [3] - For instance, the energy produced from 1 liter of seawater's deuterium is equivalent to that from 300 liters of gasoline [3] - Significant advancements in nuclear fusion research have been reported in China, including breakthroughs in temperature and duration of high-quality burning, bringing the "artificial sun" closer to reality [3] - The technology of fusion energy is transitioning from scientific research to engineering practice and commercial application [3]