厄瓜多尔为何对外国军事基地说“不”

Core Viewpoint - Ecuadorian citizens have overwhelmingly rejected the establishment of foreign military bases in a recent constitutional referendum, indicating a strong sentiment against perceived threats to national sovereignty and regional stability [1][2]. Group 1: Public Opinion and Voting Results - The preliminary results from Ecuador's National Electoral Council show that over 60% of voters opposed the removal of constitutional prohibitions against foreign military bases, with supporters accounting for less than 40% [2]. - President Noboa stated that the referendum results reflect public opinion, and the government will respect the people's choice while continuing to address national security and governance commitments [2]. Group 2: Security Concerns and Crime Rates - Ecuador has faced a surge in violent crime, with the Interior Ministry reporting 6,797 homicides in the first nine months of 2025, a 36.76% increase compared to the same period in 2024 [2]. - There is a domestic viewpoint suggesting that Ecuador is experiencing a severe violence crisis, necessitating foreign military assistance to combat drug trafficking, arms smuggling, and transnational organized crime [2]. Group 3: Historical Context and Sovereignty Issues - The U.S. maintained a military presence in Ecuador from 1999 to 2009, and the 2008 constitution explicitly prohibits foreign military bases and the use of national military facilities by foreign armed forces [3]. - Analysts express concerns that the establishment of foreign military bases would undermine Ecuador's sovereignty, referencing past incidents during the U.S. military's presence that led to legal and operational abuses [4]. - The public's opposition is also driven by fears of escalating regional tensions, particularly in light of the ongoing strained relations between the U.S. and Venezuela, which could draw Ecuador into potential conflicts [4].