如何让负电价红利传导到居民？专访中国能源研究会首席专家黄少中：在维持居民电价基本稳定的前提下 通过技术手段和机制创新实现负电价红利的间接传导

Core Viewpoint - The recent guidelines from the Central Committee emphasize the need for coordinated local consumption and external delivery of clean energy, aiming for high-quality development in the energy sector, while addressing the challenges of achieving peak coal and oil consumption by 2030 [1][2]. Group 1: Coal and Oil Peak Consumption - China's coal consumption has decreased from 68.5% in 2000 to 53.2% in 2024, while oil consumption has dropped from 22% to 18.2%, yet both still account for 71.4% of total energy consumption, indicating a challenge in reaching peak consumption targets [2][5]. - The coal industry is expected to peak before coal power, as coal power's peak is delayed due to its role in ensuring energy security and the reduction in coal consumption from other sectors like steel and cement [6][5]. Group 2: Energy Delivery and Storage - The primary solution for large-scale renewable energy consumption in the northwest regions is external delivery, as local consumption capacity is limited due to economic constraints and insufficient grid flexibility [7][8]. - The construction of external delivery channels faces challenges such as high costs and complex approval processes, which can lead to underutilization of built channels [9][10]. Group 3: Renewable Energy Investment - As of September, China's renewable energy capacity reached nearly 220 million kilowatts, with wind and solar power exceeding 170 million kilowatts, necessitating an annual addition of 19 to 20 million kilowatts to meet the 2035 targets [13][15]. - The recent market price decline for renewable energy has led to a cautious investment stance among power generation companies, particularly in the solar sector, due to the adjustments in pricing mechanisms [16][17]. Group 4: Addressing Negative Pricing - The frequent occurrence of negative pricing in the electricity market is attributed to supply-demand imbalances, and simply adjusting long-term trading ratios will not resolve this issue [18][19]. - To ensure that the benefits of negative pricing reach consumers, innovative mechanisms are needed, such as developing virtual power plants that aggregate consumer loads to respond to market conditions [20][21]. Group 5: New Energy Storage Development - The new energy storage sector is experiencing rapid growth but faces challenges such as low price competition and economic viability, leading to widespread operational difficulties [22][23]. - The government is working on reforms to allow energy storage to participate as an independent market entity, which includes integrating storage into capacity pricing mechanisms to ensure stable revenue streams [24].