青少年自伤，不得不正视的问题

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the concerning issue of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents, highlighting its prevalence, underlying causes, and the importance of timely intervention and support from guardians and professionals [1][5]. Group 1: Prevalence and Forms of NSSI - NSSI occurs at a rate of approximately 8%-25% among adolescents globally, with 14 recognized methods of self-injury, the most common being skin cutting [1][2]. - The most frequent locations for self-injury include the hands, wrists, abdomen, and thighs, with severity ranging from superficial wounds to permanent damage [1]. Group 2: Associated Mental Health Issues - A significant correlation exists between NSSI and emotional disorders, with studies indicating that 88% of adolescents with anxiety disorders and 68% with mood disorders engage in NSSI [2]. - Over 50% of adolescents who self-injure are diagnosed with depression, and more than 25% suffer from generalized anxiety disorder [2]. Group 3: Factors Influencing NSSI - Various factors contribute to the initiation and maintenance of NSSI behaviors, including early abuse experiences, family conflicts, and peer influences [2]. - Adolescents with impulsive personality traits, poor emotional regulation, and negative self-image are more likely to engage in self-injury [2]. Group 4: Treatment Approaches - Evidence-based research suggests that Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) is the preferred treatment for adults with NSSI, and preliminary studies indicate its effectiveness for adolescents as well [4]. - Pharmacological treatment is typically reserved for cases with co-occurring mental disorders or severe self-injury, with options including SSRIs like fluoxetine [4]. Group 5: Signals of Psychological Distress - The article outlines thirteen signs indicating potential psychological issues in adolescents, such as prolonged silence, lack of interest in peers, and sudden changes in behavior or academic performance [19][20]. - It emphasizes the need for parents and educators to recognize these signs and seek professional help promptly [16][20]. Group 6: Recommendations for Prevention - The article advocates for early medical intervention and the establishment of a supportive school environment to address emotional issues in adolescents [18][21]. - It stresses the importance of social education to help adolescents discern harmful information and avoid negative influences from peer groups and online platforms [22].