“全球甲烷承诺”须加强约束力

Core Points - The discussion at COP30 in Brazil focused on launching the "Global Methane Pledge" to rapidly control global warming, highlighting the failure of many countries to reduce methane emissions at the necessary pace since the COP26 climate summit [1] - Methane has a warming effect 80 times greater than carbon dioxide and has contributed to approximately 30% of the global temperature rise since the Industrial Revolution [1] - The energy sector accounts for over 35% of human activity-related methane emissions, indicating that transitioning from fossil fuels to green energy could significantly aid in emission reductions [1] Summary by Sections Commitment and Goals - The "Global Methane Pledge," led by the US and EU, was initiated in 2021 and has been signed by 111 countries, collectively responsible for 45% of global anthropogenic methane emissions [1] - The core objective is to reduce methane emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030, marking the first commitment to methane reduction policies for some signatory countries [1] Challenges and Constraints - The commitment faces challenges due to a lack of binding measures, resulting in a situation characterized by "heavy planning, heavy monitoring, but light enforcement and implementation" [2] - Although the US and EU requested participating countries to develop or update national methane reduction action plans by COP27 in 2022, specific action measures were not clearly defined [2] Monitoring and Reporting - The UN has established a methane emissions monitoring and reporting mechanism for oil and gas companies, with 154 participating companies covering about 42% of global oil and gas production [2] - Despite this, the reported methane emissions from these companies are projected to increase by 250,000 tons annually by 2025, indicating that current reduction rates are insufficient to meet the 2010 targets [2] Industry Response - Some energy companies are beginning to enhance the quality of methane reporting, emphasizing that reliable, measurement-based data is crucial for effective emission reductions and tracking climate goal progress [2]