经合组织发布报告指出：全球农业绿色转型政策空间大

Core Insights - The OECD report highlights that global agricultural support policies are at a high level, with a significant portion being distorting and misaligned with green transition needs, indicating substantial room for improvement [1] Group 1: Agricultural Support Policies - From 2022 to 2024, countries are expected to provide an average of $842 billion annually in positive support for agriculture, with distorting policies like market price support and output-based subsidies dominating, accounting for 66% of total support expenditures [1] - Support policies aimed at promoting agricultural green transition are notably weak, with technology innovation and infrastructure support making up only 2.4% of industry value, and agricultural knowledge and innovation systems support at a mere 0.5%, dropping to 0.3% in emerging economies [1] Group 2: Environmental Impact of Current Policies - Current agricultural support policies lack environmental conditions, with only 17% of policies having compliance requirements, and only 5% exceeding regulatory requirements [1] - Distorting subsidies lead to a vicious cycle in agricultural production, where higher yields encourage more inputs, resulting in increased pollution and environmental pressures such as greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, soil degradation, and loss of biodiversity [2] Group 3: Consequences of Input Subsidies - Input subsidies are identified as a direct cause of pollution, as they lower fertilizer prices, leading to excessive application and subsequent soil and water contamination [3] - Energy subsidies for irrigation contribute to over-extraction of groundwater and increased greenhouse gas emissions, while output-based subsidies reinforce high-emission production systems [3] Group 4: Trade and Sustainability Challenges - As sustainability becomes a critical aspect of trade rules, countries are implementing more environmental requirements for agricultural products, but these measures lack coordination, increasing compliance costs for developing countries and small-scale producers [3] - The lack of unified and effective incentives for emission reduction or environmental improvement may lead to fragmented supply chains and a potential shift of production to countries with lower environmental standards, exacerbating global environmental pressures [3][4] Group 5: Trade Measures and Environmental Policies - Although environmental-related trade measures are increasing, their lack of coordination may create trade barriers and diminish the overall effectiveness of environmental policies, potentially leading to a situation where high and inconsistent standards result in insufficient compliant supply chains [4] - Farmers may prematurely discard products or increase inputs to meet compliance, indirectly raising agricultural carbon, water, and waste footprints, ultimately worsening overall environmental outcomes [4]