中国普惠金融研究院院长贝多广：普惠金融在中国走出独特快车道，下一步是构建高质量生态体系

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese financial system is at a historical juncture, with a focus on building a strong financial nation and enhancing the quality and resilience of the financial system, particularly in the context of the upcoming "14th Five-Year Plan" [1] Group 1: Development of Inclusive Finance - Inclusive finance in China has developed uniquely and rapidly, driven by policy guidance that fosters collaboration among various financial entities [2][3] - The integration of financial technology has created an ecosystem that leverages "scenarios + data + technology," making China one of the most active markets for fintech applications globally [2] - The "last mile" problem is being addressed through deep coverage of underserved groups, such as small and micro enterprises and farmers, by lowering barriers to access financial services [3] Group 2: Achievements and Challenges - Since the formal introduction of inclusive finance in 2013, China has made significant progress, ranking high in various indicators such as account ownership and mobile payment penetration [4] - The current challenges for small and micro enterprises include unstable cash flow and significant accounts receivable, necessitating improved liquidity through bank loans [5] Group 3: Balancing Sustainability and Commercial Viability - The "impossible triangle" in inclusive finance—balancing coverage, affordability, and low risk—remains a challenge, requiring breakthroughs in market rules, top-level design, and technological empowerment [6][7] - Digitalization has proven essential in enhancing the accessibility and efficiency of inclusive finance services, particularly for underserved groups [7] Group 4: Future Directions - High-quality inclusive finance should evolve into a comprehensive ecosystem that includes not only credit but also insurance and investment services, addressing both production and consumption needs [8][9] - The development of inclusive insurance products is crucial, as all economic entities face risks, and insurance can be more critical than credit for low-income households [9] - Green inclusive finance is essential for sustainable rural development, particularly in achieving carbon neutrality goals while addressing the environmental impacts of rural economic activities [9]