用好冬春农田水利建设黄金期 筑牢“水脉”护“粮仓”

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the critical role of water resources and irrigation infrastructure in ensuring agricultural productivity and food security in Henan Province, which faces severe water scarcity challenges while being a major grain-producing area in China [7][11]. Water Resource Challenges - Henan Province has an average annual water resource total that accounts for only 1.43% of the national total, with a per capita water resource of 389 cubic meters, which is less than one-fifth of the national average, categorizing it as an extremely water-scarce region [7]. - Despite these challenges, Henan maintains over 110 million acres of arable land and produces 10% of the nation's grain and 25% of its wheat, achieving a stable grain output of over 1.3 trillion jin for eight consecutive years [7]. Irrigation Infrastructure - The province has a comprehensive irrigation system, including 2,540 reservoirs, 16,700 kilometers of levees, 14 flood retention areas, 299 large and medium-sized irrigation districts, 1.15 million wells, and 240,000 kilometers of ditches, forming a robust safety net for flood and drought management [7]. - In response to drought conditions, Henan has utilized water storage projects and cross-basin water diversion projects to ensure timely irrigation, effectively alleviating water pressure during dry years [8]. Flood Management - The water management system in Henan includes a multi-layered defense strategy involving reservoirs, river channels, and drainage ditches to mitigate flood risks [9]. - Recent investments in flood control infrastructure, such as the 12.7 billion yuan spent on comprehensive waterway connectivity projects, have improved the region's ability to manage heavy rainfall and prevent crop damage [13]. Agricultural Development - The province's agricultural sector has increasingly integrated modern irrigation techniques, including smart irrigation systems that enhance water efficiency and reduce costs [17]. - By 2030, Henan aims to establish 94.59 million acres of high-standard farmland, with 54.24 million acres dedicated to efficient water-saving irrigation [17]. Digital Innovations - The implementation of digital twin technology in irrigation management has improved water distribution accuracy and efficiency, with some projects achieving a 90% precision rate in water allocation [18]. - The ongoing development of a provincial-level digital twin platform aims to enhance the management of water resources and improve the resilience of agricultural systems against water-related challenges [18].