青藏高原地区树线每10年爬升1.7米

Core Insights - The tree line in the Tibetan Plateau has been rising at an average rate of 1.7 meters per decade over the past 120 years, which is predicted to compress the natural habitats of high-altitude endemic species by 20% to 70%, increasing the risk of species loss [1][2] Group 1: Climate Change and Ecological Impact - The Tibetan Plateau, known as the "Water Tower of Asia," is undergoing a chain reaction of changes characterized by warming, increased humidity, and greening, while also becoming darker due to reduced albedo from melting glaciers and increased vegetation [2] - The darkening of the surface is expected to cause significant changes in Earth system processes, including adjustments in the Asian monsoon circulation and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events [2] - The ecological system services of the Tibetan Plateau are gradually improving, with the proportion of high-quality grassland and forest areas increasing by 6% and 12% respectively, and soil quality improving by 40% [2] Group 2: Biodiversity Discoveries - The second Tibetan scientific expedition has achieved significant advancements in biodiversity research, including the digitalization and precise investigation of biodiversity, resulting in the publication of over 3,000 new species [3] - New species include 205 animal species, 388 plant species, and 2,593 microbial species, highlighting the unique adaptations of organisms to the high-altitude environment [3] - The research revealed that environmental heterogeneity in the southeastern river canyons of the Tibetan Plateau helps mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on amphibian species [3]