记者手记｜从巴黎到贝伦 感受气候谈判“冷”和“热”

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing COP30 in Belem, Brazil, highlights the contrasting climate negotiation dynamics compared to the historic COP21 in Paris ten years ago, emphasizing the urgent need for global cooperation in addressing climate change despite rising tensions and differing national interests [1][2][3]. Group 1: Climate Negotiation Dynamics - The COP30 is taking place in Belem, a city symbolizing the Amazon rainforest's role as a carbon sink and frontline in combating deforestation and climate change [1]. - The negotiations are marked by significant disagreements among countries regarding climate financing, fossil fuels, and the North-South divide, reflecting a cooling of global cooperation [2][3]. - The absence of a high-level U.S. delegation at COP30 indicates a weakening political support for the Paris Agreement among Western nations, with concerns also expressed by Europe and Canada [2][3]. Group 2: Global South vs. Global North - Developed countries, historically the main contributors to climate issues, are urged to take the lead in emissions reduction and support developing nations with funding and technology [3]. - In contrast, developing countries are making steady progress in energy transition despite facing significant financial and technological challenges [3][4]. Group 3: Renewable Energy and Global Trends - Over the past decade, there has been a profound transformation in global energy structures, with renewable energy becoming a dominant trend [4]. - China has played a crucial role in this transition, providing 70% of the world's wind power equipment and 80% of solar photovoltaic components, significantly reducing global costs for wind and solar energy [4]. Group 4: Optimism for Future Cooperation - Despite challenges posed by unilateralism and geopolitical tensions, there remains optimism among international leaders regarding the potential for collaborative efforts to address climate crises [5]. - The next decade of global climate governance will depend on political will and the sincerity of international cooperation [5].