COP30接近尾声，专访联合国副秘书长徐浩良：立即行动重回控温轨道

Group 1: Climate Change and Global Warming - The UN Secretary-General António Guterres warned that climate warming could push ecosystems to catastrophic tipping points, making billions face uninhabitable environments and exacerbating threats to peace and security [1][2] - The COP30 conference in Belém is in its final stages, with ongoing debates among parties, and the UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Simon Stiell urged representatives to reach consensus on key issues to ensure substantial outcomes [1][2] - The global average temperature is projected to reach 15.10 degrees Celsius in 2024, which is 1.6 degrees Celsius higher than pre-industrial levels, marking the first year where the average temperature exceeds the 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold [3][2] Group 2: Goals and Actions - The UN aims to bring the temperature increase back on track with the Paris Agreement goals, emphasizing that immediate large-scale actions could minimize the temperature rise and shorten its duration [4] - COP30 President Dolarco stated that consensus on key issues like climate financing is sought by mid-week, with a goal to finalize the conference outcomes by the 21st [5] - There is a commitment to raise $1 trillion for clean energy and grid investments, supporting a global plan to quadruple sustainable fuel production and stimulate new green industry developments [5] Group 3: Sustainable Development and Human Development Index - The UN Development Programme collaborates with over 90% of developing countries to help governments formulate climate change response plans, urging major emitters to fulfill their commitments to reduce emissions [6] - The UN Development Programme has adjusted the traditional Human Development Index to include climate change and resource use, revealing that some previously high-ranking countries have dropped due to their environmental impact [6] - Since 1990, the UN Development Programme has published annual Human Development Reports, incorporating CO2 emissions and resource extraction into the new Human Development Index post-2020 [6]