填补空白、领跑国际 “十四五”以来我国新建国家计量基准34项

Core Insights - Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," China has established 34 new national measurement standards, representing an 89% increase compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan," with many reaching international advanced levels [1] Group 1: Measurement Standards Achievements - The newly established "Regional Law Surface and Subsurface Structure Geometric Parameter Standard Device" has overcome the challenges of measuring micro three-dimensional shapes and deep-layer defects, achieving international leadership in this field [1] - In aerospace, the "Vacuum Secondary Standard Device" can accurately measure pressures nine orders of magnitude lower than atmospheric pressure, laying a solid foundation for manned spacecraft sealing tests and gravitational wave detector development [1] - The "Shock Tube Dynamic Pressure Standard Device" and "Pulse Dynamic Pressure Standard Device" fill the gap in China's step and pulse dynamic pressure measurement sources, addressing measurement challenges in aerospace equipment and deep space exploration [1] Group 2: Applications in Various Fields - The Radiation Heat Flow Standard Device can accurately replicate radiation heat flows of 1000 to 4000 kilowatts per square meter, meeting the testing needs for rocket equipment and high-temperature material performance [1] - In deep space exploration, the "Microwave Bright Temperature Standard" captures weak radiation signals with an error of only 0.3%, aiding satellites in accurately detecting planetary surface compositions and geological activities [1] - In marine exploration, the "Mid-Frequency Underwater Sound Pressure Standard" utilizes laser interference technology to calibrate underwater sound sensors, facilitating precise positioning of underwater vehicles and black boxes from downed aircraft [2] - The Airflow Speed Standard Device can detect extremely weak wind speeds, comparable to the flapping of a butterfly's wings, supporting the development of the wind power industry and the achievement of national "dual carbon" goals [2]