铝价飙升浅析：绿色革命驱动下的全球供应链重构与投资机遇

Core Insights - The aluminum market is undergoing a fundamental restructuring due to the acceleration of global energy transition, with aluminum becoming a strategic resource, leading to a new price paradigm characterized by high prices and limited supply [1][2][3] Global Aluminum Supply Chain Restructuring - Resource nationalism and capacity transfer are reshaping the global aluminum supply chain, with Guinea holding 26% of global bauxite reserves and Australia 12%, while China only holds 2% [1][2] - The concentration of bauxite resources leads to a significant disparity in production, with Guinea accounting for 29% of global output [2] - By 2025, China's electrolytic aluminum capacity is nearing its ceiling at 4,445 million tons, while overseas projects are expected to add over 1 million tons of capacity from 2026 to 2028 [3][4] Global Aluminum Consumption Structure Analysis - Traditional sectors like construction are declining, while new sectors such as electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaics are experiencing explosive growth, with EV aluminum consumption increasing by 30% [5][6] - The average aluminum usage in pure electric vehicles is 283 kg per vehicle, significantly higher than traditional vehicles [6] - By 2040, global aluminum demand is projected to reach 163.7 million tons, a 67.3% increase from 2018 levels [7] Trade Policies and Market Dynamics - The U.S. has significantly increased aluminum import tariffs to 50%, leading to a sharp decline in imports, particularly from Canada, which previously supplied 58% of U.S. aluminum [8][9] - China is adapting by increasing exports through third countries to circumvent tariffs, with exports of unwrought aluminum and aluminum products rising by 19.7% year-on-year [10] Price Trends and Future Predictions - Aluminum prices have shown a strong upward trend, with LME prices reaching $2,880 per ton, driven by tight supply and robust demand from sectors like EVs and solar energy [11][12] - Various institutions predict continued price increases, with estimates for 2025 ranging from $2,850 to $3,500 per ton, reflecting a tightening market [12][13] Future Trends and Strategic Recommendations - The aluminum industry is shifting towards a green transition, with a focus on recycled aluminum, which has a recovery rate of over 95% and significantly lower production emissions [14][15] - Companies are encouraged to invest in green technologies and diversify markets to mitigate risks associated with trade barriers and supply chain vulnerabilities [16]