英国公布新预算案 多举措加税260亿英镑

Core Viewpoint - The UK Autumn Budget, presented by Chancellor Rachel Reeves, focuses on tax increases to enhance fiscal surplus, projecting an additional £26 billion in tax revenue by the fiscal year 2029/30 [1] Tax Measures - The personal income tax and National Insurance tax thresholds will be frozen for an additional three years, leading to more taxpayers entering higher tax brackets due to inflation [2] - The annual tax-free allowance for cash Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs) will decrease from £20,000 to £12,000 starting April 2027, encouraging savers to invest more in stocks [3] - A new tax on high-value residential properties will be introduced, with properties valued over £2 million subject to an annual £2,500 tax and those over £5 million facing a £7,500 tax [3] - The two-child benefit cap will be removed starting April 2026, addressing criticisms that it increases child poverty [3] - A new road tax for electric vehicles will be implemented, charging 3 pence per mile for pure electric vehicles and 1.5 pence for plug-in hybrids starting April 2028 [3] Fiscal Outlook - The budget is expected to increase the government's fiscal buffer to £22 billion, an increase of approximately £12 billion from previous forecasts, but will also raise tax revenue to 38% of GDP by the fiscal year 2030-31, a historical high [4] - The UK economy is facing challenges with weak growth, high inflation, and stagnant productivity, leading to a pessimistic market sentiment [7] - The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) has downgraded medium-term growth forecasts, indicating ongoing pressure on the UK's economic outlook [8] Market Reaction - Following the budget announcement, the UK financial markets reacted positively, with the FTSE 100 index rising by 0.85%, the ten-year government bond yield falling by 7.2 basis points to 4.427%, and the pound appreciating by approximately 0.50% against the dollar [5] - Analysts express caution, noting that while the budget expands fiscal space, the measures may increase household tax burdens, particularly for those with slower income growth [6]