【中国新闻网】石峁遗址人群来源哪里社会结构如何？古DNA研究破解谜题

Core Insights - The archaeological site of Shimao, recognized as the largest known prehistoric city in China, showcases early state characteristics and social complexity through its intricate defensive layout, diverse ritual remains, and high-grade cultural relics [1][2] Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The recent research represents the first global effort to study the social systems and organizational structures of a large-scale, complex prehistoric urban site from a genetic perspective [2] - The findings were published in the prestigious journal "Nature," highlighting the genetic evidence that clarifies the origins, social structure, and relationships of the Shimao site population [2] Group 2: Genetic Findings - The research confirms that the main population of the Shimao culture originated from the late Yangshao culture in northern Shaanxi, establishing continuity in cultural and population development [2] - It reveals close connections between the Shimao culture and surrounding groups, including the Taosi culture, northern steppe cultures, and southern rice-farming populations, indicating a history of extensive interaction among prehistoric agricultural and pastoral communities [2] Group 3: Social Structure Insights - The study reconstructs the family lineage across four generations within the Shimao city, providing insights into a patrilineal social hierarchy that underpins the societal structure [2] - This research offers a unique model for understanding the formation and development of early states in China, providing direct genetic evidence for the power succession patterns and social class composition in early East Asian states [2]