秃鹫濒危、流浪狗激增，印度爆发生态危机

Core Insights - The disappearance of vultures in India is leading to an ecological crisis, with stray dogs rapidly proliferating and taking over the vultures' role as scavengers, resulting in a surge in rabies cases [1][3] Group 1: Vulture Population Decline - Vultures have disappeared from 72% of their historical nesting sites in India, with Central and Rajasthan states housing nearly two-thirds of the remaining nests, over 60% of which are located in protected areas [3] - From 1992 to 2007, the population of three vulture species—Long-billed, Indian, and White-backed vultures—plummeted from approximately 4 million to 32,000, a decline exceeding 99% [3] - During the same period, India saw an increase of about 5.5 million stray dogs and reported 38 million dog bite incidents, leading to over 47,000 rabies deaths [3] Group 2: Causes of Decline - The sharp decline in vulture populations is closely linked to the misuse of drugs in livestock, a chain reaction triggered by human activities that took a decade to confirm [3] - A study led by veterinary pathologist J. Lindsay Oaks found that 85% of deceased vultures suffered from visceral gout, a condition typically occurring in birds with kidney failure, with diclofenac identified as the primary cause of renal failure deaths among vultures [3] Group 3: Remedial Measures - The Indian government is implementing various remedial measures, including banning certain harmful chemicals used in livestock farming and establishing more comprehensive bird protection programs [4] - Environmentalists have set up "vulture restaurants" that provide safe food sources for vultures, such as cow carcasses [4] - The situation has escalated beyond a biodiversity crisis to a public health crisis directly caused by human activities, raising alarms for human survival and development [4]