蘑菇种植遇真菌“捣蛋鬼”？科学防控有“招数”

Core Insights - Mushroom cultivation has emerged as a promising sector in agriculture due to its high resource utilization, economic benefits, and contribution to the circular economy [1] - However, mushroom growers face significant threats from pathogenic fungi and competitive molds that can jeopardize their efforts [1][2] - Recent research by a team from the Kunming Institute of Botany and Thailand's King Prajadhipok's Institute has identified these fungal threats and proposed comprehensive prevention strategies [1][2] Fungal Threats - The research revealed a vast family of fungi threatening mushroom growth, encompassing 6 phyla, 12 classes, 20 orders, 40 families, 58 genera, and 133 species [3] - Different fungi exhibit various methods of attack, such as green mold forming spore piles and web disease covering mushrooms with white mold [3] - These fungi can either directly cause disease or compete for nutrients, significantly impacting mushroom growth and yield [3] Prevention and Control Strategies - Effective management strategies emphasize prevention over treatment, including maintaining hygiene in cultivation rooms and optimizing environmental conditions [3][6] - Regular inspections for signs of fungal infection and immediate isolation of affected areas are crucial for minimizing losses [6][7] - The use of automated detection systems based on machine learning and image processing can enhance early identification of fungal diseases [6][7] Sustainable Practices - As demand for organic products rises and resistant fungal strains emerge, reducing reliance on fungicides is becoming essential [7] - The research team is exploring eco-friendly alternatives, such as using extracts from aromatic plants and compost tea to inhibit fungal growth [7] - Future developments may include integrating modern technologies to create more disease-resistant strains and innovative green control methods, promoting sustainable mushroom cultivation [7]