海外学者谈对华认知的历史经纬与现实意义：研究中国已不再是选择，而是需要

Group 1 - The perception of China has evolved through various stages since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, initially characterized by demonization during the Cold War, transitioning to recognition as an important partner in the context of counterbalancing the Soviet Union [2] - From the early 1990s to the early 2000s, Western perceptions oscillated between the "China collapse theory" and the "China threat theory," with a gradual acknowledgment of China's role in supporting the global economy, while developing countries deepened their view of China as a reliable development partner [2] - Since 2010, while some Western factions continue to demonize China, many recognize its developmental achievements, and developing countries regard China as an indispensable partner, particularly following China's rise to the world's second-largest economy and the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative [2] Group 2 - The shift from sinology to Chinese studies reflects the growing importance of understanding contemporary China, as countries seek to explore cooperation paths and learn from China's development experiences [4] - The increasing interest in Chinese studies, which began around 1978, has transformed into a multi-disciplinary approach, indicating a significant global change in the perception and study of China [4] - The recognition of the need for comprehensive Chinese studies is driven by China's expanding economic influence and the necessity for global engagement with its geopolitical stance [4] Group 3 - Different regions exhibit significant variations in their perceptions of China, shaped by factors such as historical experiences and development levels, with Africa's view influenced by shared anti-colonial history and cultural values [6] - In contrast, some Western countries' perceptions are affected by cultural biases and historical legacies, leading to a tendency to reinforce "institutional competition" with China [6] - The ASEAN countries have developed a stable relationship with China, with over half of the population expressing a more positive attitude towards China compared to the United States, highlighting a notable shift in regional perceptions [6] Group 4 - Current Western perceptions of China reflect a mix of competition and cooperation, significantly impacting the trajectory of global order, with emerging market countries recognizing the value of collaboration with China [8] - The recognition of China's development achievements promotes inclusivity in global rules, while biases that view China as a threat reinforce exclusionary frameworks [8] - The global order is undergoing profound changes, with the old order unsustainable and a new one yet to form, leading to instability and unpredictability [8] Group 5 - China is seen as a "beacon of hope" by many countries, with elites inspired by China's example seeking their own paths to modernization [10] - To improve mutual understanding, China should prioritize principles of sovereign equality and development, utilizing multi-level consultation mechanisms and localizing media communication [10] - Strengthening economic ties and long-term research partnerships can contribute significantly to international peace and dialogue, enhancing Europe's voice in global discussions [11]