我国水资源现状如何 面临哪些挑战?

Core Viewpoint - The 19th World Water Resources Conference in Marrakech, Morocco, focuses on "Water in a Changing World: Innovation and Adaptation," with China emphasizing its three flood management models: flood control, flood utilization, and flood shaping [1] Group 1: Water Resource Challenges in China - China's total water resources amount to 28 trillion cubic meters, but the country faces severe water resource challenges [1] - The demand for water in China is immense, driven by the needs of 1.4 billion people, nearly 10 million square kilometers of ecosystems, 1.8 billion acres of farmland, and the industrial and service sectors of the world's second-largest economy [1] - In terms of per capita water resources, China ranks 106th globally, with an average of approximately 1,400 cubic meters of water per acre of farmland, which is less than half the world average [1] - The spatial distribution of water resources is uneven, with the south holding 81% of the resources while the north only has 19%, despite the north accounting for 46% of the land area, 44% of the population, 40% of the farmland, and 56% of the GDP [1] Group 2: Water Resource Management Initiatives - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, China established the world's largest and most comprehensive water infrastructure system, facilitating a "south-north allocation and east-west mutual assistance" water resource distribution pattern [2] - The South-to-North Water Diversion Project's East and Middle Lines have cumulatively diverted over 83 billion cubic meters of water, benefiting 195 million people [2] - By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the national water network coverage is expected to reach 80.3%, supporting high-quality economic and social development while maintaining zero growth in total water usage despite an average annual economic growth rate of 5.5% [2]