垃圾发电厂如何减排增效

Core Viewpoint - The excavation and remediation of the Yulong landfill in Shenzhen, the largest landfill in China, is aimed at environmental restoration rather than addressing a shortage of waste for incineration. This project exemplifies the shift from relying on new waste to utilizing existing waste for ecological benefits [1][2]. Industry Overview - The Yulong landfill processes over 6,000 cubic meters of waste daily and can generate enough electricity to meet the annual needs of 26,000 households through incineration [1]. - As of October 2024, there are 1,010 incineration enterprises in China, with a total incineration capacity of approximately 1.11 million tons per day, exceeding the targets set in the 14th Five-Year Plan [2]. - Some incineration plants are facing underutilization, with one facility designed for 180,000 tons per year only processing over 60,000 tons [2]. Regional Disparities - The distribution of waste incineration capacity is uneven across regions, with most facilities located in economically developed or densely populated areas [3]. - There is a need for incineration facilities to handle various types of solid waste, including urban sludge and industrial waste, to enhance their overall effectiveness [3]. Importance of Waste Classification - Waste classification is crucial for improving the calorific value of waste, reducing harmful emissions, and enhancing energy recovery efficiency during incineration [4][5]. - The transition from mixed waste collection to classified collection is underway, with a four-level collection model being adopted [5]. - Proper waste classification can significantly improve the efficiency of energy recovery and reduce operational costs associated with supplementary fuel for incineration [5][6]. Industry Challenges - The industry faces challenges such as public opposition to incineration facilities, long investment recovery periods, and financial pressures on operators [7]. - There is a need for improved technologies for flue gas purification and ash treatment, as well as better public acceptance to promote the application of waste-to-energy projects [7]. - The average energy conversion efficiency of waste incineration has been steadily increasing, but significant differences exist between cities [8]. Recommendations for Improvement - The industry should focus on enhancing flue gas purification, optimizing waste treatment technologies, and improving public communication regarding the safety and environmental benefits of modern incineration technologies [8].