联讯仪器：连续2年亏损却分红3606万、有2.54亿元现金、8000万理财

Core Viewpoint - Suzhou Lianxun Instrument Co., Ltd. is facing scrutiny as it pursues an IPO on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board despite continuous losses and increasing accounts receivable and inventory, planning to raise 1.95 billion yuan, which is 1.35 times its total assets and 2.75 times its net assets [2][21]. Group 1: Industry Advantage - Founded in March 2017, the company specializes in the R&D, manufacturing, and sales of electronic measurement instruments and semiconductor testing equipment [4][24]. - The company is positioned to benefit from the surge in demand for high-speed optical communication products and the industrialization of silicon carbide power devices due to the rise of artificial intelligence and global computing power needs [5][25]. - Lianxun Instrument is one of the few manufacturers capable of mass-producing core testing instruments for 400G and 800G high-speed optical modules and is the second company globally to launch all core testing instruments for the industry's highest level 1.6T optical module [5][25]. - According to Frost & Sullivan, the company holds a 9.9% market share in China's optical communication testing instrument market, ranking third and being the only domestic company among the top five [5][25]. - In the semiconductor testing equipment sector, the company leads with a 43.6% market share for its silicon carbide power device wafer-level aging system [6][26]. Group 2: Financial Concerns - Despite being in a lucrative sector, the company's financial performance shows signs of distress, with high customer concentration and significant increases in accounts receivable and inventory [6][27]. - The company relies heavily on a few major clients, with sales to the top five customers accounting for between 42.64% and 62.64% of total revenue from 2022 to Q1 2025 [7][28]. - Accounts receivable surged from 89.63 million yuan at the end of 2022 to 306 million yuan by Q1 2025, while bad debt provisions increased from 7.17 million yuan to 25.62 million yuan [9][30]. - Inventory levels also rose sharply, from 74 million yuan in 2022 to 421 million yuan by Q1 2025 [11][32]. - High accounts receivable and inventory have negatively impacted cash flow, with net cash flow from operating activities turning from a positive 81 million yuan in 2024 to a negative 53 million yuan in Q1 2025 [12][33]. Group 3: Controversial Operations - The company has faced criticism for distributing large cash dividends during years of operating losses, including 21.06 million yuan in dividends in 2022 despite a loss of over 38 million yuan, and approximately 15 million yuan in 2023 with a loss exceeding 55 million yuan [13][34]. - Over two years, total dividends amounted to about 36.06 million yuan, representing approximately 37% of cumulative net losses [13][34]. - The company has 254 million yuan in cash and 8 million yuan in financial investments, yet plans to use 150 million yuan of the 1.95 billion yuan raised in the IPO for working capital, raising concerns about the sustainability of its dividend policy [13][34]. Group 4: Patent Risks - The company faces a lawsuit from Aehr, a major competitor in power device testing equipment, alleging patent infringement on two patents filed in China [15][36]. - Although Lianxun Instrument has applied for the invalidation of the patents and some have been partially declared invalid, the lawsuit is still ongoing [15][36]. - During the litigation, the company received a mysterious order worth 133 million yuan, which has been described as a form of "litigation marketing" [17][37]. Group 5: Capacity Issues - The company plans to invest the 1.95 billion yuan raised in the IPO into six projects related to next-generation optical communication testing equipment and automotive chip testing equipment, which are extensions of its existing business [18][38]. - Notably, the current capacity utilization rate is not at full capacity, with production and sales rates for electronic testing instruments ranging from 60% to 80%, and semiconductor testing equipment at 60% to 70% [19][39]. Group 6: Shareholding Structure - The company's shareholding structure involves complex capital operations, with founder Hu Haiyang initially using a proxy to hold 55% of the shares, later reverting the shares under the guise of "registration convenience" [20][40]. - This shareholding arrangement raises questions about potential intentions to evade asset freezes amid legal disputes, as the proxy had minimal actual capital investment [20][40].