“奥司他韦出现耐药”冲上热搜！专家：可能出现敏感性下降，但耐药率很低，不必恐慌

Core Viewpoint - The flu season has intensified, leading to increased consultations and concerns about the effectiveness of the antiviral drug Oseltamivir, particularly regarding its resistance rates [1]. Group 1: Efficacy of Oseltamivir - Current data suggests that while there may be a slight decrease in sensitivity of Oseltamivir against H1N1 and H3N2 strains, the resistance rate is not significantly high, with WHO reporting it at under 2% [1]. - In China, the latest monitoring indicates that 3.99% of A(H1N1)pdm09 strains show reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors, but this should not cause excessive alarm [1]. - Oseltamivir remains a crucial first-line treatment for influenza despite some cases of reduced sensitivity due to improper use of the medication [1]. Group 2: Treatment Recommendations - If a patient does not show improvement after 48 hours of taking Oseltamivir, it may be necessary to consider potential resistance and conduct sensitivity testing [1]. - Alternatives to Oseltamivir include RNA polymerase inhibitors such as Baloxavir, Laninamivir (for H1N1), and Favipiravir (for cases where other antivirals are ineffective) [2]. - For severe cases or patients unable to take oral medication, inhaled drugs like Zanamivir or intravenous options like Peramivir can be utilized [2]. Group 3: Guidelines for Use - It is advised that patients with symptoms should use antiviral medications under the guidance of healthcare professionals to ensure proper usage [2]. - The standard treatment course for Oseltamivir is 5 days, with a recommended dosage of 75mg twice daily for adults and adolescents over 13 [2]. - Vaccination against influenza is emphasized as an effective preventive measure, ideally completed before October each year to reduce the risk of complications and resistance [2].