做好农业气候区划，应对全球变暖“烤”验

Core Viewpoint - Climate change is significantly reshaping agricultural boundaries in China, with a notable northward shift in suitable areas for various crops, prompting the initiation of a new round of agricultural climate resource surveys and zoning work in 2023 [1][2]. Group 1: Climate Change Impact on Agriculture - The average annual temperature in various regions of China has shown a consistent upward trend from 1961 to 2020, leading to an extended growing season and a northward expansion of crop planting boundaries [2]. - For instance, soybean cultivation has moved approximately 30 kilometers north into Heilongjiang Province over the past 30 years, indicating that previously uncultivable land can now support soybean growth [2]. - In addition, the suitable planting areas for crops like corn and rice have also expanded significantly, with corn's northern planting boundary moving about 120 kilometers and winter wheat's area increasing by approximately 35,000 square kilometers [2]. Group 2: Challenges Arising from Climate Change - The increase in temperature has introduced new challenges, such as the need for farmers to adapt to longer growing periods by switching to new crop varieties, which can lead to unscientific practices and increased risks [3]. - Climate change has also resulted in more frequent extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and hail, which can negatively impact crop yields and increase agricultural uncertainty [3]. - The necessity for effective agricultural climate zoning has become urgent to optimize climate resource utilization and plan agricultural production rationally [3]. Group 3: Data Shortcomings and Challenges - Experts emphasize that agricultural climate zoning is a complex project that requires reliable long-term data and advanced research methods to address scientific challenges related to crop yield and quality [4]. - A significant challenge is the lack of comprehensive data, particularly for specialty crops like apples, which have only a few years of observational data compared to traditional crops [5]. - The quality of foundational data, such as accumulated temperature metrics, is crucial for accurate zoning, as discrepancies in data can lead to misinformed agricultural practices [4][5]. Group 4: Technological Support and Solutions - Technological support is essential to overcome the challenges faced in agricultural climate zoning, with calls for increased investment in research and the use of advanced meteorological observation equipment [7][8]. - The application of big data technology has shown promise in refining climate zoning efforts, as demonstrated in the detailed climate zoning work for soybeans in Inner Mongolia [7]. - Future efforts should integrate remote sensing, geographic information systems, big data, and artificial intelligence to create a comprehensive agricultural climate zoning and resource assessment system [8].