关于重大事故隐患，把握“三个正确理解”

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of dynamic identification and rectification of major accident hazards in the chemical and hazardous materials industry to enhance safety production levels and establish a long-term mechanism for dynamic clearance of such hazards [1][3]. Group 1: Understanding Major Accident Hazards - The definition of major accident hazards has evolved, with the initial classification based on the difficulty of rectification being deemed insufficient for practical safety production [2]. - The 2019 guidelines adjusted the definition to include hazards arising from deficiencies in safety risk control measures, unsafe conditions, unsafe behaviors, and management defects [2][3]. Group 2: Changes in Major Accident Hazard Types - The implementation of the 2017 standards has led to a significant decrease in the average number of major accident hazards per enterprise, from 3.2 in 2018 to 0.9 in 2022, with a projected decrease to 0.8 by 2025 [4]. - The types of major accident hazards have shifted, with hardware-related hazards declining due to effective management, while issues related to operational management and compliance remain persistent [5][6]. Group 3: Dynamic Clearance of Major Accident Hazards - To achieve safety production, it is essential to ensure that all risk control measures are effectively operational, as risks are dynamic and can lead to the emergence of major accident hazards [7]. - Companies are required to establish a regular self-inspection mechanism for major accident hazards, with leadership involvement in quarterly checks, and to enhance the professional capacity of inspections [7][8]. - Government oversight is crucial, with a need for improved supervision and a mechanism for closing out major accident hazards, ensuring that all identified issues are rectified [8].