“美国战略重大转向”，欧洲又惊又气

Core Viewpoint - The latest National Security Strategy (NSS) from the U.S. marks a significant shift in American foreign policy, moving away from traditional ideologies and emphasizing a pragmatic approach focused on U.S. interests, encapsulated in the phrase "America First" [1][4]. Summary by Sections U.S. Foreign Policy Principles - The NSS outlines that U.S. foreign, defense, and intelligence policies must adhere to several core principles, with a focus on core national security interests rather than generalized "national interests" [4]. - Five core national interests are identified: ensuring stability and dominance in the Western Hemisphere; maintaining economic security and a free and open Indo-Pacific; safeguarding European security and cultural health; preventing hostile forces from dominating the Middle East; and establishing technological superiority and controlling global standards [4]. Shift from Previous Strategies - Compared to the 2017 NSS, which emphasized "great power competition," the new NSS does not highlight great power confrontation but instead states that the economy is the "greatest stake" [4][5]. - The new NSS significantly downplays the Biden administration's stance on maintaining a rules-based international order, which was frequently mentioned in the 2022 NSS but appears only once in the latest version, used to criticize the Biden administration's failures [5]. Critique of European Allies - The NSS sharply criticizes European allies, suggesting they should engage in an ideological struggle against "woke" trends and highlighting deeper issues such as political freedom erosion and demographic changes due to immigration [2][6]. - It warns of the potential for "civilization erasure" in Europe and calls for the U.S. to assist in correcting Europe's current trajectory [6]. Economic Security Emphasis - The NSS emphasizes that economic security is foundational to national security, advocating for a "rebalancing" of global trade relations and expanding U.S. access to critical minerals and materials [10]. - It also calls for monitoring global supply chains and technological advancements, promoting U.S. re-industrialization through "strategic tariffs" and new technologies [10][11]. - The document acknowledges challenges in achieving economic goals, noting a loss of 58,000 manufacturing jobs since April and a contraction in manufacturing employment for nine consecutive months [10]. Energy and Financial Dominance - The NSS aims to restore U.S. energy dominance across various sectors, including oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy, while rejecting climate change and net-zero concepts [11]. - It recognizes the financial markets as a pillar of U.S. influence, providing leverage for advancing national security priorities [11].