大湾区机场群迈入“三跑3.0时代”：从枢纽扩容到集群共舞

Core Insights - The three major international aviation hubs in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) have completed runway expansions, marking a shift towards a collaborative regional aviation network [1][3][4] - The GBA airport cluster is transitioning from individual hub competition to a coordinated network characterized by high quality, efficiency, and collaboration, entering a "3.0 era" [3][4][16] Infrastructure Expansion - Shenzhen Airport's third runway was put into operation on November 29, 2023, handling over 200 flights within a week [1][14] - Guangzhou Baiyun Airport's T3 terminal and fifth runway can accommodate an annual passenger throughput of 120 million, with a terminal capacity of 140 million [4][15] - Hong Kong International Airport's expanded second terminal began phased operations in September 2023, enhancing its capacity to handle 120 million passengers and 10 million tons of cargo annually [15] Network Coordination - The GBA airports are implementing seamless transfer services, such as the "fast boat + shuttle bus" service between Shenzhen and Hong Kong airports, reducing travel time to one hour [17][19] - The new transfer parking facility at Hong Kong Airport supports the "Yue Car South" policy, facilitating cross-border travel [19] - Ground connectivity improvements include integrating high-speed rail and metro services at major airports, enhancing regional transportation efficiency [19] Cargo Operations - The GBA airports collectively handled 9.2 million tons of cargo in 2024, representing 7.2% of the global total, with Guangzhou and Shenzhen ranking among the top 20 cargo airports worldwide [22][23] - Innovative logistics models, such as the "Dongguan-Hong Kong International Air Cargo Center," have reduced logistics costs by 30% and expedited cargo delivery [20][22] Economic Drivers - The airport upgrades are driven by the demand from high-value industries in the GBA, including electronics, biomedicine, and cross-border e-commerce [22][23] - The GBA's economic output is projected to exceed 14.79 trillion yuan in 2024, with foreign trade accounting for nearly one-fifth of the national total [15][22] Competitive Landscape - The GBA airports face challenges in collaborative development due to overlapping service areas and competition for international routes [24] - Differentiated positioning is essential, with Guangzhou focusing on Southeast Asia and Oceania, Shenzhen on technology and high-end manufacturing, and Hong Kong on global network advantages [24] Future Outlook - By 2035, the GBA is expected to meet an aviation passenger demand of 420 million, necessitating the current infrastructure developments [25] - The enhanced airport network will facilitate greater connectivity with the global economy, attracting multinational companies and enhancing the GBA's status in the global city network [25]